CBT is a highly structured and goal-oriented approach to therapy. In CBT, the therapist and the client work collaboratively to identify negative or distorted thought patterns and behaviours contributing to the client’s emotional distress. The therapist then helps the client develop more positive and adaptive ways of thinking and behaving and works with the client to practice and reinforce these new patterns.

CBT is typically divided into two main components: cognitive and behavioural therapy. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing negative or distorted thought patterns, while behavioural therapy focuses on changing maladaptive behaviours.

Some common techniques used in CBT include identifying and challenging negative thoughts (e.g., “catastrophizing” or overgeneralizing), learning relaxation and stress-reduction techniques, developing problem-solving skills, and practicing exposure therapy (gradually facing feared situations or stimuli to reduce anxiety).